Mundo Agrario

Ullóa, Sergio Valerio (2021). Santa Ana Acatlán. De la desamortización a la dotación de tierras. Una historia sin despojos. Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 312 pp.

Miguel Angel Isais Contreras — 2024-12-01

Reseña crítica del libro Santa Ana Acatlán. De la desamortización a la dotación de tierras. Una historia sin despojos, de Valerio Ullóa, Sergio, Guadalajara, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 2021, 312 páginas.

“The cry of Bahía Blanca”. Regional associationism and developmental socioeconomic modernization in the south of the province of Buenos Aires (1957-1962)

Juliana López Pascual — 2024-12-01

The associative practices implemented by the Mesa Regional Pro Bahía Blanca y Zonas Confluentes since mid-20th century intervened in a complex context in which the design of public policies by the provincial State sought to rationalize and modernize the use of the resources involved in agricultural production following development postulates. Likewise, the organization set up a space for sociability and exchange in which sectors linked to small agricultural and livestock farms combined their efforts with representatives of the labor movement and left-wing militancy to challenge both the public sphere and groups identified as "landowners". Ultimately, the reconstruction and interpretation of this space and the development of the Asamblea Provincial por la Reforma Agraria (1962) through a culturalist perspective allows recomposing the regional debates around the alleged hegemony of Bahía Blanca over southwestern Buenos Aires and northern Patagonia and analyze its interpenetration with the socioeconomic transformation of the region.

Project 206 and the training of technicians in agrarian reform in the 1960s

Matías Nahuel Oberlin Molina — 2024-12-01

In response to the Cuban Revolution, the United States changed its strategy towards the region. Through the Alliance for Progress (ALPRO), he promoted a series of structural transformations in the countries of Latin America, including the so-called comprehensive agrarian reform that circulated through Project 206 of the Technical Cooperation Program of the Organization of American States. The purpose of Project 206 was to “train” technicians who would promote agrarian reforms in the region, through courses financed by various international organizations. In this article we will carry out a reconstruction of said project: what were its objectives, how was it formed, what courses were taken, what subjects were taught and which countries participated. In turn, we will analyze the agrarian reform model that was promoted in the region. To do this, we will investigate the activity reports on Project 206 and the meetings of directors of the Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences.

Agricultural activity in the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy. Analysis from the 1988, 2002 and 2018 national agricultural censuses

Dolores Trillo — 2024-12-01

The objective of the work is to study agricultural activity in the Quebrada de Humahuaca, its recent evolution and current situation using quantitative methodologies. Descriptive statistical techniques are used for the analysis of agricultural and population censuses, over a period of three to four decades according to the source used. The results obtained indicate for the Quebrada de Humahuaca, sustained processes of urbanization of the population, as well as a considerable decline in agricultural and livestock activity, although considerable differences are observed at the departmental level. On the other hand, recent agricultural data indicate crops with a positive evolution path such as grapevines, quinoa and flowers, and in livestock activity the increase in cattle is becoming relevant.

Vulnerability in land tenure: the signing of agreements between registered owners and peasant families in the Chaco of Salta

Fernanda Rubio — 2024-12-01

Considering the transformation processes underway in the semi-arid Chaco, this work studies the situation of vulnerability regarding land ownership experienced by Creole peasant families who inhabit the area surrounding Ruta Nacional 81 in the departments of Rivadavia and General José de San Martín from the province of Salta. Based on the information generated from the analysis of 50 semi-structured interviews with creole peasant families, we explore especially into the signing of agreements between registered owners and creole families. The families' stories reveal alarming situations, both in relation to the pressure they suffer to sign the agreements, and to the compliance by the registered owners. Given this panorama, if the processes of enclosure of Creole lands continue, the possibility of production and reproduction of peasant life is seriously threatened.

Exploration of limitations to the adoption of amaranth cultivation in the Platense Horticultural Belt

Florencia Indira Ciocchini — 2024-12-01

The need for a more sustainable agricultural system is today a reality in the Platense Horticultural Belt (CHP) region. The incorporation of amaranth cultivation is a possibility. Despite its abilities, it has not yet expanded and/or established itself in this territory. Farmers are reflective and subjects of change, but situated and conditioned by structure, space and time. To decide to incorporate a new crop, external and internal factors come into play that play an important role in enabling or conditioning the appropriation of the technology. In this research, internal and external factors limiting the appropriation of this crop in family farmers of the CHP were preliminarily identified; Then, a qualitative analysis was carried out with the intention of understanding these limitations. The unconscious resistance of producers would be one of the limiting factors that interacts with the supposed ignorance of amaranth at a social level.

Beyond employment opportunities. A state of the art on the feminization of Latin American agriculture and female workers’ health

Maria Florencia Linardelli — 2024-12-01

In the final decades of the 20th century, occupational health studies began to investigate the specific circumstances of women and the impact of gender inequalities on work-related morbidity. By the mid-1990s, following a process of productive restructuring, Latin American agriculture became the focus of numerous studies in this field, particularly due to the feminization of labor in the sector. Various studies identified that the new employment opportunities available to female agricultural workers in the region were accompanied by a transformation and diversification of occupational risks. In this context, this paper aims to systematize the principal findings on the health of Latin American female agricultural workers and to highlight underexplored themes. Methodologically, the article is based on a review and documentary analysis of publications hosted on scientific dissemination portals pertinent to Latin America.

Socio-productive Quintais on Caratateua Island, Belém (PA): between reconfigurations and the valorization of identities

Ruan Rodrigo de Oliveira Pinheiro — 2024-12-01

This article aims to analyze the physical transformations in the configuration of the socio-productive backyards that were part of the "Memory Route" (R.M.) project of the Ecomuseum of the Amazon, on Caratateua Island, Belém, PA, in 2019/2020. This objective is linked to a broad analytical reflection that aims to highlight the socio-economic and cultural importance of socio-productive backyards in Belém. In addition to revealing these spaces as strategic to the resilience of different Amazonian families in the face of contemporary crisis contexts, such as the pandemic. The data on which the analysis was based was constructed through bibliographical research, participant observations and interviews with four local families who have socio-productive backyards and who were involved in the project. Through the research carried out, it was possible to understand that the emergence of the families' inclusion in the R.M. led to transformations in their backyards related to improvements in the physical structures of the space. As a result, the backyards were valued economically and socio-culturally.

Peasant families and succession in the brazilian Northeast: limitations to the permanence of young people in the field

Elaíne Cristina dos Santos — 2024-12-01

This article aims to analyze the establishment of the succession pattern of peasant families, based on the permanence of young peasants and the development of the “farming profession”. The methodology used was the foundation of the case study. The research was developed in the municipality of Pedro Velho, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. The sample corresponded to 16% of peasant family farmers and data were collected through the application of questionnaires with 28 rural families (fathers/mothers, children, totaling 56 respondents). The work shows the problem of succession to the agricultural profession, exposing limitations and desires of peasant family farmers and their children who try to remain in the agricultural activity. Although there is no defined succession pattern, most young people expressed a desire to continue working as a farmer. However, their life projects are frustrated by limited productive capacity, lack and discontinuity of public rural development policies, especially access to land.

Seed keepers, Ecological Knowledge, and Climate Change Adaptation. Risaralda Colombia

Aida Milena García Arenas — 2024-12-01

This article is derived from the project " Desarrollo e implementación de acciones estratégicas de mitigación, adaptación y resiliencia” under the big Project “Plan Integral de Gestión del Cambio Climático Territorial (PIGCCT) de Risaralda - Colombia.”. Our project aims to reduce vulnerability and promote sustainable development in the face of climate change in Risaralda, addressing five dimensions: Habitat and Infrastructure, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Food Security, Health, and Water Resources. One of the project’s objectives is to guide the management of creole and native seeds by strengthening the Seed Keepers Network. It also includes the construction of two Seed Houses to boost the availability of key seeds for agricultural adaptation to climate change in the department of Risaralda, Colombia. The article aims to document and disseminate knowledge from the Seed Keepers Network of Risaralda, essential for productive sustainability within the framework of the food security dimension. This article focuses on the systematization of the ecological knowledge present in the Seed Keepers Network of Risaralda, using a qualitative methodology. An ethnographic approach was employed, which included techniques such as participant observation, field diaries, and interactive workshops. The results present a collective construction of a characterization of ecological knowledge, grouped into different categories. The final selected categories of ecological knowledge are: "Medicinal", "Gastronomic", "Agroecological", "Climate Change Adaptation", "Biodiversity Management", "Seed Conservation", "Water Management", and "Soil Management". This knowledge represents a set of practices, knowledge, and skills related to seeds and agroecosystems. The results highlight the potential of seed keepers to implement climate change management strategies (adaptation and mitigation measures) through agroecology. The importance of these practices is emphasized in the adaptation of local varieties, the reduction of chemical inputs, waste management, and the promotion of cultural and political changes.