Gender, Space and Place: The Experience of Servants in Rural Households 1550-1750
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Resumen
This article examines the organisation and use of domestic space by servants for eating and sleeping, looking particularly at the seventeenth century and at middling sort households, broadly defined. It relates models of architectural and social change to the ways that individuals described their experience and use of domestic space in court records. It concludes that while there was a trend to separate the work and living spaces of servants from the rest of the family, an early modern house was not one where rigid and static social patterns were mapped upon its spaces. A number of social factors struggled to define the social character of a space, a struggle which largely pivoted around the concepts of control and use rather than separation or segregation according to status or gender. Spatial patterns were ephemeral. Nonetheless, it is possible to illustrate how some aspects of the social relations of the household were reflected in and reinforced by the way that domestic space was organised and used. Moreover, the implications of such use and organisation carry important messages about the nature of the household itself.
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Flather, A. (2017). Gender, Space and Place: The Experience of Servants in Rural Households 1550-1750. Mundo Agrario, 18(39), e066. https://doi.org/10.24215/15155994e066
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Dossier: El trabajo doméstico y sirviente en la Europa rural (SS. XVI-XIX). Diversidad de modelos regionales y formas de dependencia
La cesión de derechos no exclusivos implica también la autorización por parte de los autores para que el trabajo sea alojado en los repositorios institucionales UNLP (Sedici y Memoria Académica) y difundido a través de las bases de datos que los editores consideren apropiadas para su indización, con miras a incrementar la visibilidad de la revista y sus autores.
Citas
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Barley, M.W. (1961), The English Farmhouse and Cottage. London: Routledge.
Capp, B. (2003). When Gossips Meet. Women, Family, and Neighbourhood in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Certeau, Michel de. (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Chartier, R. (Ed.). (1989). A History of Private Life, Vol. 3: Passions of the Renaissance. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap.
Earle, P. (1994). A City Full of People: Men and Women of London, 1650-1750. London: Methuen.
Emmison, F. G. (Ed.). (1973). Elizabethan life: Morals and the Church Courts. Chelmsford: Essex Records Office Publications.
Emmison, F. G. (Ed.). (1991). Elizabethan Life: Home, Work and Land. Chelmsford: Essex Records Office Publications.
Flather, A. (2007). Gender and Space in Early Modern England. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.
Friedman, Alice T. (1989). House and Household in Elizabethan England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Froide, A.M. (2005). Never Married: Singlewomen in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Garrard, R. (1980). English probate inventories and their use in studying the significance of the domestic interior, 1500-1700. AAG Bijdragen, 23, 53-77.
Goody, J. (1982). Cooking, Cuisine and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goose, N., and Cooper, J. 1998. ‘Tudor and Stuart Colchester’. Victoria History of the County of Essex Vol. 9: The Borough of Colchester . Chelmsford: Victoria County History. Gowing, L. 1996. Domestic Dangers: Women, Words and Sex in Early Modern London. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gouge,W. (1622). Of Domesticall Duties: Eight Treatises, London: John Haviland for William Bladen.
Griffiths, P. 1996. Youth and Authority: Formative Experiences in England 1560-1640. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Halliwell, J. O. (Ed.). 1895. The Autobiography and Personal Diary of Dr Simon Foreman, the Celebrated Astrologer, from A.D. 1552 to A.D. 1602. London: Privately Printed.
Hill, B. (1996). Servants: English Domestics in the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hoskins, W.G. (1953). The Rebuilding of Rural England, 1560-1640. Past & Present, 4, 44 -59.
Houlbrooke, R. (1984). The English Family 1450-1700. London: Longman.
Johnson, C. (1990). A Proto-Industrial Community Study: Coggeshall in Essex c. 1500-1750 (Unpubliished doctoral dissertation). University of Essex, Essex.
Johnson, M. (1996). An Archaeology of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kussmaul, A. (1982). Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Laslett, P. (1971). The World We Have Lost. London: Methuen.
Latham, R.C. and W. Matthews (Eds.). (1970). The Diary of Samuel Pepys. London: G. Bell and Sons.
Macfarlane, A. (Ed.). (1976). The Diary of Ralph Josselin: 1616-1683. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Meldrum, T. (2000). Domestic Service and Gender 1660-1750. Harlow: Longman.
Melville, J.D. (1999). The Use and Organisation of Domestic Space in late Seventeenth- Century London (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Mendelson, S. and Crawford, P. (1998). Women in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mennell, S. (1985). All Manner of Foods: Eating and Taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moore, Hannah. (1986). Space, Text and Gender. An Anthropological Study of the Marakwet of Kenya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..
Osborn, J. (Ed.). (1961). The Autobiography of Thomas Wythorne. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Overton M., Whittle, J., Dean D. and Haan, A. (2004). Production and Consumption in English Households, 1600-1750. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pennell, S. (1997). The Material Culture of Food in Early Modern England, circa 1650-1750 (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).University of Oxford, Oxford.
Sachse, W. (Ed). (1938). The Diary of Roger Lowe of Ashton-in-Makefield, Lancashire 1663-74. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Sarti, R. (2002). Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture 1500-1800. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Sharpe, J. A. (1984). Crime in Early Modern England, 1550-1750. Harlow: Longman.
Steer, F.W. (1950). Farm Cottages and Inventories of Mid-Essex 1635-1750. Chelmsford: Essex Records Office Publications.
Stone, L. (1977). The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500-1800. London: Penguin Books.
Storey. M. (Ed.). (1994). Two East Anglian Diaries 1641-1729: Isaac Archer and William Coe. Woodbridge: Suffolk Records Society 36.
Tusser, T. (1580). Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry: As Well for the Champion Or Open Country, as for the Woodland Or Several; Together with A Book of Huswifery. Being a Calendar of Rural and Domestic Economy, for Every Month in the Year; and Exhibiting a Picture of the Agriculture, Customs, and Manners of England, in the Sixteenth Century. London: Henry Denham.
Varley, C. (1768). The Modern Farmer’s Guide. The Unfortunate Husbandman. An Account of the Life and Travels of a Real Farmer in Ireland, Scotland, England and America. Vol. 1. Glasgow: Robert and Andrew Foulis.
Wall, C. (1993). Gendering Rooms: Domestic Architecture and Literary Arts. Eighteenth Century Fiction, 5, 349-372.
Weatherill, Lorna. (1988). Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture 1660-1715. London: Routledge.
Whittle, J. (2005). Housewives and Servants in Rural England, 1440-1650: Evidence of Women’s Work from Probate Documents. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th Series, Vol.15, 51-74.
Whittle, J. (2011). The House as a Place of Work in Early Modern Rural England. Home Cultures 8 (2), 133-50.
Woodward, D. (Ed). (1984). The Farming and Memorandum Books of Henry Best. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wrightson, K. (1982). English Society: 1580-1640. London: Routledge.
Ben Amos, I. Krausman (1994). Adolescence and Youth in Early Modern England. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Barley, M.W. (1961), The English Farmhouse and Cottage. London: Routledge.
Capp, B. (2003). When Gossips Meet. Women, Family, and Neighbourhood in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Certeau, Michel de. (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Chartier, R. (Ed.). (1989). A History of Private Life, Vol. 3: Passions of the Renaissance. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap.
Earle, P. (1994). A City Full of People: Men and Women of London, 1650-1750. London: Methuen.
Emmison, F. G. (Ed.). (1973). Elizabethan life: Morals and the Church Courts. Chelmsford: Essex Records Office Publications.
Emmison, F. G. (Ed.). (1991). Elizabethan Life: Home, Work and Land. Chelmsford: Essex Records Office Publications.
Flather, A. (2007). Gender and Space in Early Modern England. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.
Friedman, Alice T. (1989). House and Household in Elizabethan England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Froide, A.M. (2005). Never Married: Singlewomen in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Garrard, R. (1980). English probate inventories and their use in studying the significance of the domestic interior, 1500-1700. AAG Bijdragen, 23, 53-77.
Goody, J. (1982). Cooking, Cuisine and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goose, N., and Cooper, J. 1998. ‘Tudor and Stuart Colchester’. Victoria History of the County of Essex Vol. 9: The Borough of Colchester . Chelmsford: Victoria County History. Gowing, L. 1996. Domestic Dangers: Women, Words and Sex in Early Modern London. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gouge,W. (1622). Of Domesticall Duties: Eight Treatises, London: John Haviland for William Bladen.
Griffiths, P. 1996. Youth and Authority: Formative Experiences in England 1560-1640. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Halliwell, J. O. (Ed.). 1895. The Autobiography and Personal Diary of Dr Simon Foreman, the Celebrated Astrologer, from A.D. 1552 to A.D. 1602. London: Privately Printed.
Hill, B. (1996). Servants: English Domestics in the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hoskins, W.G. (1953). The Rebuilding of Rural England, 1560-1640. Past & Present, 4, 44 -59.
Houlbrooke, R. (1984). The English Family 1450-1700. London: Longman.
Johnson, C. (1990). A Proto-Industrial Community Study: Coggeshall in Essex c. 1500-1750 (Unpubliished doctoral dissertation). University of Essex, Essex.
Johnson, M. (1996). An Archaeology of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kussmaul, A. (1982). Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Laslett, P. (1971). The World We Have Lost. London: Methuen.
Latham, R.C. and W. Matthews (Eds.). (1970). The Diary of Samuel Pepys. London: G. Bell and Sons.
Macfarlane, A. (Ed.). (1976). The Diary of Ralph Josselin: 1616-1683. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Meldrum, T. (2000). Domestic Service and Gender 1660-1750. Harlow: Longman.
Melville, J.D. (1999). The Use and Organisation of Domestic Space in late Seventeenth- Century London (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Mendelson, S. and Crawford, P. (1998). Women in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mennell, S. (1985). All Manner of Foods: Eating and Taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moore, Hannah. (1986). Space, Text and Gender. An Anthropological Study of the Marakwet of Kenya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..
Osborn, J. (Ed.). (1961). The Autobiography of Thomas Wythorne. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Overton M., Whittle, J., Dean D. and Haan, A. (2004). Production and Consumption in English Households, 1600-1750. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pennell, S. (1997). The Material Culture of Food in Early Modern England, circa 1650-1750 (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).University of Oxford, Oxford.
Sachse, W. (Ed). (1938). The Diary of Roger Lowe of Ashton-in-Makefield, Lancashire 1663-74. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Sarti, R. (2002). Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture 1500-1800. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Sharpe, J. A. (1984). Crime in Early Modern England, 1550-1750. Harlow: Longman.
Steer, F.W. (1950). Farm Cottages and Inventories of Mid-Essex 1635-1750. Chelmsford: Essex Records Office Publications.
Stone, L. (1977). The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500-1800. London: Penguin Books.
Storey. M. (Ed.). (1994). Two East Anglian Diaries 1641-1729: Isaac Archer and William Coe. Woodbridge: Suffolk Records Society 36.
Tusser, T. (1580). Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry: As Well for the Champion Or Open Country, as for the Woodland Or Several; Together with A Book of Huswifery. Being a Calendar of Rural and Domestic Economy, for Every Month in the Year; and Exhibiting a Picture of the Agriculture, Customs, and Manners of England, in the Sixteenth Century. London: Henry Denham.
Varley, C. (1768). The Modern Farmer’s Guide. The Unfortunate Husbandman. An Account of the Life and Travels of a Real Farmer in Ireland, Scotland, England and America. Vol. 1. Glasgow: Robert and Andrew Foulis.
Wall, C. (1993). Gendering Rooms: Domestic Architecture and Literary Arts. Eighteenth Century Fiction, 5, 349-372.
Weatherill, Lorna. (1988). Consumer Behaviour and Material Culture 1660-1715. London: Routledge.
Whittle, J. (2005). Housewives and Servants in Rural England, 1440-1650: Evidence of Women’s Work from Probate Documents. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th Series, Vol.15, 51-74.
Whittle, J. (2011). The House as a Place of Work in Early Modern Rural England. Home Cultures 8 (2), 133-50.
Woodward, D. (Ed). (1984). The Farming and Memorandum Books of Henry Best. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wrightson, K. (1982). English Society: 1580-1640. London: Routledge.